Wednesday, 4 November 2015

OUDG401// What is Research?

When it comes to research, the process is more important than the outcome. If we allow ourselves to focus too much on the end product we won't try anything new as practitioners or challenge ourself! A thought inspired by 'An Incomplete Manifesto' by Bruce Mau Design. 

"Research is to see what everybody else has seen, and to think what no-body else has thought" - Albert Szent-Gyorgyi. Wether this be in forms of Qualitative or Quantitive, the 'research' element is what we take from the collected data at hand. 

Naturally, success within the creative industries stems from having 'genius' ideas, frequently and close together. This increases our chance for success and to be a desirable innovative designer. But the question is, how do we generate these ideas?

  • Stimulated approach // This consists of watching and reading possible texts of interest/ doing and discussing thoughts you have from this or even going and experiencing places/ events to inspire possible primary sources of research.
  • Systematic approach // This is much more linear in methods and is essentially experimenting through starting points and working through possibilities to resolve a thought/ idea.
  • Innovative approach // For me this is the most common but is still influenced by 1 + 2. This approach is where ideas are generated from what we've already seen and experienced, so it comes straight to mind.
  •  Only by curating the stimulated and systematic approaches do our 'back-catalogue' of information become vast enough we can derive references and ideas instantly.
The main thought I had from thinking about this, is without a life- you're not a designer. Without a life you have no inter contextual references to come to mind when you're on the spot for a moment of 'genius'.

... But what is research?

Types of research include:
  • Primary Research// Collected first hand and for a specific purpose
  • Secondary Research// Already collected for another purpose
  • Quantitate Research// Measurable data and facts. Easily analysed and objective
  • Qualitative Research// Opinions or feelings, harder to measure and subjective
However, the important thing when analysing any form of research is to make it specific to you. There is no need to research something parallel to your topic if it will not lead you to a more defined idea or route to take.

Information is essentially "adding knowledge to the person receiving it" (Fred Bates), but this does not have to be in a boring 'excel' kind of way. In the creative industries especially research can be presented as anything- a map, a story, a physical task. As long as the research is competently collected it can take any form.

Basic Methodologies//

(01) Assimilation > (02) General Study > (03) Development > (04) Communication

This basically means after accumulating the specific data (01), you need to investigate a range of possible solutions (02), leading to a development of more tentative solutions (03) when you will finally be able to convey the information/ ideas in the best way (04).
You always need to remember that even though research is cyclical and always going on in one sense or another, you need to know when to stop. Over research (for me at least) is the most confusing part of the design process, as when more than one amazing idea develops and you try and find middle ground- everything becomes foggy.

// In conclusion, start everywhere. It's the questions you ask yourself that lead to success within your research, thus leading to the creation of genius ideas.


Tuesday, 3 November 2015

OUDG401// Essay Plan - Study Task 5.2

“How did Postmodernism impact on Graphic Design practice?"

Expanding from my brainstorm about possible points I can discuss within the topic of postmodernism, I am in the process of gathering my thoughts and considering essay structure.

Academic Sources of Reference:-
  • No More Rules: Graphic Design and Postmodernism, 2013, Rick Poyner
  • A Critical and Cultural Theory Reader, Second Edition, 2004, Easthope and McGowan
  • Fotografiks: an equilibrium between photography and design through graphic expression that evolves from content, 1999, David Carlson and Phillip B Meggs
  • 'The Politics of Postmodernism', 1989, Linda Hutcheon
  • Looking Closer- Critical writings on Graphic Design, Allworth Press, pages 25, 28, 44, 45, 50-65, 79, 80, 101-105, 130-131, 155, 156


Analysing Graphic Design:-
  • David Carson- http://www.davidcarsondesign.com - Many of Carson's graphic design is appealing to me for this topic, as not only is his work firmly within the 21st century- it also epitomises postmodernist qualities. His use of obscure and un-linear typography combined with block colour and a collage-esc composition personifies the journey of postmodernist influences into the modern day, as well as incorporating some traditional techniques where appropriate. 


  • I-D Magazine- 'The Art Issue' and like issues from 1985. I want to explore a range of experimental covers from the time to showcase and investigate how postmodernism was broadcast to the masses through publications. It is noticeable at the time that like magazines such as Vogue or Vanity Fair were taking a traditional approach and sticking to the conventions. 





OUGD401// Planning & Structuring an Essay - Study Task 5.1

“How did Postmodernism impact on Graphic Design practice?"

//Area's to investigate:
  • What is Postmodernism?
  • How has postmodernism progressed to be no longer 'the norm'?
  • Key theorists and writers/ designers within Postmodernism
  • Known practices and how they have changed
  • Graphic Designers/ Creatives who have been visibly influenced by Postmodernism today
//Remember:
  • 'What?'- Meaning what evidence is there to be collected to back up/ challenge if my thesis is true?- this comes in early within the essay.
  • 'How?'- Look from a readers point of view and find out if my thesis is true in all cases. This is the section to counter argue and include the counter references.
  • 'Why?'- What larger implications are created from the thesis? Asses the essay's points in a larger sense, explore knock on effects of Postmodernism today and possibly its implications for the future. This section should also voice my thesis/ postmodernism relevance to me/ Graphic Design now. Essentially, why is this important. 

//References & Artists to explore:


  • 'The Politics of Postmodernism', Linda Hutcheon
  •  Section 6 of 'A critical and Cultural Theory Reader- Second Edition', East-hope and McGowan
  • Barbra Kruger / Larry Carlson/ David Carlson
  • 21st Century Album Artworks
  • V&A 'Postmodernism Teachers Resource' ('Style and Submersion 1970-1990)
  • 'No More Rules'- Rick Poynor
  • Wolfgang Weingart/ Steff Geissbuhler/ Odermatt & Tissi
  • Looking Closer- Critical writings on Graphic Design- Allworth Press
//Possible Thesis: 

  • 'Postmodernism has given the green light for anything to go within Graphic Design'...
  • 'Postmodernism is ugly but freeing'


//Brainstorm: 

Postmodernism today is brought into the spotlight by indie hipsters who want to be different. This is through the use of wacky album artwork and the evident defiance for conventions. As an outsider of postmodernism it seems more negative design stereotypes are referenced to postmodernism than any other recent era, possibly why this 21st century sub culture is forcefully trying to bring it to the surface? Furthermore, the mainstream design industry, of clean design and simplification references Modernism more, due to artists such as Vignelli and inspired Swiss Cultures. 

To me, it almost seems that postmodernism is the less loved 20th Century child which still manages to pull on the heartstrings of modern individuals-  but is this for its artistic integrity or for its lack of?

How do you define postmodernist artwork? Date? Style? Colour and composition?

//Wider research:

Shawn Rider- 'Writings'
V&A Postmodernism
Open University- The Postmodernist Movement
WTTW- Robert Venturi Postmodernism & Postmodernism Timeline
Open University- Modernism
Postmodernism for Beginners - Richard Appignanesi & Chris Garratt
Sample essay on Graphic Design and Postmodernism
Graphic Design blog
Postmodernism and David Carlson
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/postmodernism.htm
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/postmodernism.htm#principles
http://www.liketotally80s.com/2007/08/80s-capsules-1980/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-12628516
http://www.cassetteprint.com.au/blog/tips/technology-vs-art-graphic-design-of-the-1980s/
 http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/health-and-families/features/the-seven-ages-of-drug-addiction-the-highs-and-the-lows-by-those-who-experienced-them-7820948.html
https://www.typotheque.com/articles/deconstruction_and_graphic_design_history_meets_theory